Process and apparatus for permanent undulation of hair



May 29, 1923. 5 1,456,830

P. F. M. ROBLIN PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PERMANEN T UNDULATION OF HAVIRH Filed Sept. ll, 1922 v 2 Sheet s Sheet-Ei May 29, 1-923. 1,456,830

P. F. M. ROBLIN PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR PERMANENT UNDULATION OF HAIR Filed Sent. 11, 1922 2 Shee ts-Sheet 2 Patented May 29, 1923.

PIERRE rnanoorsnienrn noBL'Im-"or's'r. NAZAIRE, manor:

messes ANDAPPAKAKTTS For, rsemmnr nnnemirien 'er Application filed September 11,1922; Serial 110,587,439.

T 0 a'ZZ- whom it may concern."

Be it known that I, PIERRE FRANQOIS MARIEROBLIN, a citizenof France, and a resident of St, Nazaire, inthe Department of Loire Inferieure, France, have invented some new and useful Improvements in Processes and Apparatus for Permanent Undulation of Hair, of which the following is a specification.

The invention relates to process andapp aratus for permanent undulation of the human hair, and'itsobjtect is to improve the means known heretofore"- in: a manner to render the undulation more" efficient and more perfect, and to facilitate the same.

According to the 1 present invention the hair is-undulated in crosslikelayers where uponthe-tresses-rendered supple in the nec-. essary" degree are submitted to further un-. dulati'ons in directions other than the longitudinal directionof the 'tress,-if required, then submitted to boiling and finallydried.

I employ, by preference for execution of this process a special apparatus constituting an essential part of this-invention.

This apparatus is so designed asto'render" the work easier thanwith theiron called Marcel. The duration of the undulation is established'either by heatingwith hot air orhy-boiling with addition-ofa' liquid or a' special powder.

In order to elucidate-more fully the sub-- ject matter 'of the" invention, reference will be had to the accompanylng drawings, showing:

In Fi 1- a erspective'view of 'the appa ratusfor undulation of the hair,

In Fig. Q/the same in a'vertical eefiion a In Fig. 3 the'sam'ein a' transverse section,

In Fig. 4. a" device for drying by meansof hotail", and I In Figs. 5'7 adrice fondrying by ebullition.

The main body of the apparatus comprises two twin pieces 1, 2 and 3, 1.

1 and 2 are hollow tubes joined at their extremities by two wings 5 and 6. These tubes are mobile upon their wings by means of nuts 7 and 8 at the one end and nuts 7' and 8 at the other end; in order to maintain these nuts in their relative positions, the tubes 1 and 2 are at their extremities, of solid section. The said wings pierced in their centre in order to slide freely on a threaded spindle 9.

Upon the tubes. 1 and 2 a e d sp sed EN- T or v gutterlike-me'mbers. 10, 11,.conn'ect'ed at-one extremity to a spring 14. 'This spring is riveted to the interior of the tubes land 2 and presses the members land 2 against the tress. Thefother extremities of said members 1, 2, are retainedb y means of winged nuts 15 and 1'5' in 'closed'position.

The threade'dspindle-9 carries two cross= like pieces 16, 17 destined tocarry two knifelike members 3, 1 closing against "each other upon the crosslik'e pieces and kept" in 2, is arranged perpendicularly with regardf to the plane, a second identical pair otbar's" l and'2'. These sets of tubes may be developed in opposite'directions,-the"one set in the direction againstN' andthe other'set in thedirection against S.

By simple pressure of the" winged nuts 19=thetwin pieces are assenabledin aide termined position. I

The mode of operationof the device is as follows: I

The 'apparatusis atfirst opened, that means to say, that the nuts 7, 8 are lifted-m orderto distance the tube's' l', 2'a1'1d'-1-',-2

from their axis in the required degree" whereupon" the tubes are adjusted and arranged against and S"respectii'rely New the: knifelike members 3"a-i1'd 4 endsa'iid "4'" i and also the gutterhke members-10, 11, 510- and 11 are opened.

There-upon a hair tress-is ro1 1ed in spire1s upon the four" tubes 1, 2 1 and 2", com: mencing from the root of the 'stress=- The first k'nifelik'e member is brought into the closing position andthen, isim'ultahere'us'ly the gut-terlike "and the 'knlf'elikemembers are closed until the required length of the undulated tress is obtained.

Each gutterlike member is pressed with an effort upon the rolled hair, by means of the nuts 15, 15'. The closing of the knifelike members is efiected by means of the little latches 18. By loosening the nuts 7, 8 maintaining the tubes 1, 2 and '1', 2' the hair is extended between the four tubes. If turning correspondingly the nuts 19 the tresses will be tensioned and squeezed in a transverse direction, and will become undulated in the same. By means of the twin tubes it is rendered easy to regulate the size of the undulation. Thereuponnothingremains to be done than to shut up the apparatus with the hair on the same in an apparatus working with hot air as indicated in Fig. 4, in order to fi'x the undulation, or in an apparatus according to F igs; 5 to 7 working with boiling.

The device shown in Fig. i is-constitued by a cylindrical tube provided with a resistance to be heate'delectrically and an insulating substance for protection of the hair. The cover of this receptacle is fixed upon the latter by meansof a winged nut '21 threaded upon a spindle disposed in a suitable manner not shown. The cover is, as shown provided with a prolonged part 22 sliding in a corresponding lodging 23 of the receptacle and slotted at 24 in order to permit'through the same and the corresponding slot 25,- 25 in the receptacle the introduction of the hair tress into the receptacle.

The duration of the process is established with aid of any known means (liquid and electric heater), but I prefer to employ the apparatus working with boiling, as shown in Figs. 5 and 7.

.This device comprises a boiler connected by tubes 26, 27 to a reservoir of boiling water. The boiler is composed of two identical cylindrical half parts 28, 29 closed at their extremities; These. parts are connected at one side by two hinges 30, 31 and are kept hermetically closed by means of two bolts 32, 33 with nuts whichmay be screwed home against abutments 34, 35 on the boiler body. The tightness of the joint is secured by means of a layer of india rubber 36. At the extremities and upon the same side are disposed the forementioned two tubes 26, 27.

Two handles 37, 38 serve to facilitate the manipulation of the apparatus. On its extremities the boiler is provided with apertures for the passage of the spindle 9.

When the boiling is finished the water isremoved from the boiler. After removal of the hairthe same is disposed into a dry-- ing box as indicated in Fig. 7.

The drying box, is composed of two bushes 39, 40, the one bush being of smaller diameter than the other, a, resistance being placed between the two bushes. A handle ll serves to facilitate themanipulation. A slot 42 extends in the direction of the length of the bush.

The invention is not limited to the executional forms illustrated in the drawings. Many deviations within the scope of the main inventional idea are possible. A reduced model of the boiler equipped with a simple metal rod replacing the apparatus for automatic hair curling may serve to undulate small tresses. A plurality of such simplified apparatus may be provided in a suitable combination, in order to assure a more rapid work.

hat I claim is:

1. Process of permanent undulation of the hair, consisting in undulating the hair in crosslike layers, in rendering supple the undulated tresses, in extending the tresses at certain points in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the tresses, in fixing the tresses thus undulated, in submitting the same to boiling and in drying the same.

2. Process of permanent undulation of the hair, consisting in undulating the hair in crosslike layers, in rendering supple the undulated tresses, in extending the tresses at suitable points in directions different from the direction of the length of the tress, in fixing the tresses thus undulated, in submitting the same to boiling and in drying the same finally electrically.

3. Apparatus for permanent undulation of the hair, a plurality of bars in the same disposed parallel to one another, means to distance the same from their common axis,

and to move the same toward this axis,

gutterlike members, articulated to cover closely said bars when in theirclosed position knifelike members between said bars and articulated to permit access to the space intermediate to the bars when said knifelike members are in open position, means to fix said gutterlike members and said knife like members in their closed position adjacent to the said bars, an axial member to guide the said barsand the said members and means to axially adjust the same.

In witness whereof I affix my signature.

PIERRE FRANOIS MARIE ROBLIN. 

